The effect of energy consumption, urbanization, trade openness, industrial output, and the political stability on the environmental degradation in the MENA (Middle East and North African) region

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Co2 emission and economic growth in Algeria (2016, methodology): “Nevertheless, few studies have used electricity consumption, for example in Al-Mulali and Ozturk (2015), in which it was considered that it may reflect changes in lifestyle (Cowan et al, 2014).”
Financial development and ecological footprint: A global panel data analysis (2019, result): “This finding is in line with the study of Al-Mulali & Ozturk (2015).”
Persistence of policy shocks to an environmental degradation index: The case of ecological footprint in 128 developed and developing countries (2018, background): “…(1996), different aspect of the index has been studied by Charfeddine and Mrabet (2017), Ozturk et al. (2016), Al-mulali et al. (2015), Ozturk and Al-mulali (2015), Al-mulali and Ozturk (2015), Wang et al. (2013), CavigliaHarris et al. (2009), Bagliani et al. (2008), and Marco et al. (2006).”
Relationship Among Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, CO2 Emission, and Urbanization: Evidence From MINT Countries (2020, background): “Moreover, the study of Al-Mulali and Ozturk (2015) attempted the examination of the causal events for environmental degradation in the MENA region; the study found that the environmental damages of the region are increasing by energy consumption, urbanization, trade openness, and industrial…”