Risk factors for depression among elderly community subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

By M. Cole, N. Dendukuri. American Journal of Psychiatry, 2003

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Age- and gender-specific prevalence of depression in latest-life--systematic review and meta-analysis. (2012, background): “Accordingly, research findings leave little doubt that in old age women are more at risk of depression than men (Cole and Dendukuri, 2003; Djernes, 2006; Riedel-Heller et al., 2006).”
The association between social relationships and depression: a systematic review. (2015, result): “The importance of psychological factors of social isolation and bereavement in the association with depression in community-dwelling elderly has been emphasized in previous reviews (Cole and Dendukuri, 2003; Kawachi and Berkman, 2001).”
Confucian Culture Still Matters (2016, background): “For example, systematic meta-analyses revealed that females were at slightly higher risk of developing depressive disorders (Cole & Dendukuri, 2014) and anxiety disorders (Baxter, Scott, Vos, & Whiteford, 2013).”
Circadian rhythm disturbances in depression (2008, background): “Specifically, insomnia complaints precede the onset and recurrence of depression (Cole and Dendukuri, 2003; Perlis et al., 1997; Riemann and Voderholzer, 2003) in as many as 40% of cases (Ohayon and Roth, 2003).”