A Theoretical Model to Study the Influence of Tow-drop Areas on the Stiffness and Strength of Variable-stiffness Laminates

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Multi-objective optimization of curvilinear fiber shapes for laminated composite plates by using NSGA-II (2013, background): “[1, 7-11] defined fiber shapes by the linear changes in fiber orientation angles to require locally desired material properties for plates and conical shells, and confirmed that such structures have superior mechanical properties compared with homogenous plates by research including experimental and”
A review on design for manufacture of variable stiffness composite laminates (2016, background): “Moreover, jagged boundaries are omitted in most analysis, assuming smooth boundaries.(26) Tow-drops, course edges and overlaps constitute discontinuities and stress concentration regions that may amplify interlaminar stresses.”
Experimental study of the effect of automated fiber placement induced defects on performance of composite laminates (2011, methodology): “Some examples are: the staggering technique [6,11,12] and placement of ±45 layers on the top and bottom layers [13].”
Optimization of variable stiffness composites with embedded defects induced by Automated Fiber Placement (2014, methodology): “[18] first investigated the influence of gaps on strength and stiffness of variable stiffness laminates using the Finite Element Method (FEM).”