Environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: The case of Arctic countries

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Time-Varying Analysis of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth Nexus: Statistical Experience in Next 11 Countries (2016, background): “…of the people, governments, and academic efforts are responsible for reducing environmental pollution with the passage of higher income levels in the long run (Grossman and Krueger 1993, Komen et al. 1997, Roca 2003, Kijima et al. 2010, Shahbaz et al. 2013a, Onafowora and Owoye 2014, Baek 2015).”
The Effects of Energy Consumption, Economic Growth and Financial Development on CO2 Emissions in China: A VECM Approach (2019, background): “[36] and Baek [37] showed that the inverted U-shaped curve does not hold, while Moomaw and Unruh [38], Martinez Zarzoso, and Bengochea-Morancho [39] found that there is an N-type relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions.”