Is Matric Suction a Stress Variable

By N. Lu. 2008

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A closed‐form equation for effective stress in unsaturated soil (2010, background): “Matric suction, as demonstrated by Lu [2008] , is not a stress at a typical REV level in soils and thus should not be defined as a stress variable.”
A Power Law for Elastic Moduli of Unsaturated Soil (2014, background): “Suction stress is the effective stress because of variation in volumetric water content or matric suction (Lu and Likos 2006; Lu 2008; Lu et al. 2010).”
Relationship between the Soil-Water Characteristic Curve and the Suction Stress Characteristic Curve: Experimental Evidence from Residual Soils (2012, background): “The validity of the effective stress principle under all saturations also implies that all the failure criteria for the saturated state are equally valid for unsaturated states, because suction stress, not matric suction or/and χ, plays the identical role as pore-water pressure under saturated condi”
Effective Stress-Based Limit-Equilibrium Analysis for Homogeneous Unsaturated Slopes (2016, methodology): “In the context of the unified effective stress approach, a closed-form equation proposed by Lu et al. (2010) is used for the suction stress characteristic curve (SSCC) to represent changes in the effective stress due to changes in soil saturation or matric suction.”