Role of photoionization processes in propagation of cathode-directed streamer

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Effects of photoionization on propagation and branching of positive and negative streamers in sprites (2004, background): “[32] Pancheshnyi et al. [2001] have recently studied properties of positive streamers at the ground pressure propagating in pure molecular nitrogen (N2) gas and in 99% of N2 with 1% admixture of molecular oxygen O2. The addition of O2 led to enhancement of photoionization and resultant increase in”
Nanosecond-Pulsed Discharges for Plasma-Assisted Combustion and Aerodynamics (2008, methodology): “The values of the velocity and the current demonstrate good agreement between the experiment and the calculations in the framework of the 2-D model [8,9].”
Transient plasma ignition of quiescent and flowing air/fuel mixtures (2004, background): “Photoionization, electron-impact ionization, and charged particle drift in the high electric field of the streamer head are important in the development and propagation of a streamer [16], [17].”
Recent advances in theory of transient luminous events (2010, background): “…field in the streamer head, on the dynamics of negative [Babaeva and Naidis, 1997; Rocco et al., 2002] and positive [Babaeva and Naidis, 1997; Kulikovsky, 2000; Pancheshnyi et al., 2001] streamers in different mixtures of molecular nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) gases, and in air at ground pressure.”