Explaining Michigan: developing an ex post theory of a quality improvement program.

By M. Dixon-Woods, C. Bosk, Emma-Louise Aveling, C. Goeschel, Peter J. Pronovost. Milbank Quarterly, 2011

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Studying complexity in health services research: desperately seeking an overdue paradigm shift (2018, background): “[26] on ex-post theorising of patient safety initiatives, Nugus et al.”
How to study improvement interventions: a brief overview of possible study types (2015, background): “101 106 Quality improvement investments compete with other possible applications of healthcare resources, and economic analyses are necessary to inform rational decisions about interventions to invest in to produce the greatest benefits, and even whether the resources would be better allocated to…”
Ten challenges in improving quality in healthcare: lessons from the Health Foundation's programme evaluations and relevant literature (2012, background): “Norm-disrupting tactics may be needed to confront institutionalised complacencies.(24) Tapping into profession-specific networks, norms and values can help”
Demystifying theory and its use in improvement (2015, background): “45 An improvement team is well-advised therefore to start by sketching out an intervention, then identifying its components and the relationships that link their application with the desired outcomes.”