Enhanced diffusion due to motile bacteria

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The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms (2008, result): “Similar results were obtained for diffusive mixing of two fluids containing swimming cells [301], and for the motion of colloidal particles above surfaces covered with attached bacteria (Fig.”
Critical bacterial concentration for the onset of collective swimming (2009, background): “…(Mendelson et al. 1999; Dombrowski et al. 2004), enhanced diffusion of bacteria (Wu et al. 2006), colloidal beads (Wu & Libchaber 2000) and chemical tracers (Kim & Breuer 2004) and fluctuations in the force exerted on a bead held in an optical trap (Soni et al. 2003) within a bacterial suspension.”
Active suspensions and their nonlinear models (2013, background): “The ability of bacteria to efficiently mix fluid in the absence of inertia has previously been reported in microfluidic flows [13], and the non-Newtonian rheology and mechanical behavior of these suspensions, notably their ability to reduce the apparent viscosity of the suspending fluid, is also qui”
Particle image velocimetry experiments on a macro-scale model for bacterial flagellar bundling (2004, background): “The random motion of the cells may be exploited: it has recently been shown that a suspension of motile bacteria enhances fluid mixing in films (Wu and Libchaber 2000) and microchannels (Kim and Breuer 2004).”