Laboratory and Astronomical Detection of the Negative Molecular Ion C3N−

By P. Thaddeus, C. Gottlieb, H. Gupta, S. Brünken, Michael C. McCarthy, M. Agúndez, M. Guélin, J. Cernicharo. 2008

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Recent advances in global electric circuit coupling between the space environment and the troposphere (2012, background): “Infra-red absorption of molecular ions is already well-established in astrophysics (e.g., Thaddeus et al., 2008), but so far only one ion (NO + ) is included in the HITRAN database of radiatively active species in the terrestrial atmosphere (e.g., Rothman et al., 2009).”
Astronomical identification of CN^-, the smallest observed molecular anion (2010, background): “Thus CN− appears confined to the same outer envelope of IRC+10216, as that of other molecu- lar anions observed in this source (e.g. Cernicharo et al. 2007; Thaddeus et al. 2008; Cernicharo et al. 2008).”
2018 Census of Interstellar, Circumstellar, Extragalactic, Protoplanetary Disk, and Exoplanetary Molecules (2018, background): “C3N– (cyanoethynyl anion) Both the laboratory spectroscopy and astronomical detection of C3N– were presented in Thaddeus et al. (2008).”
Detection of C5N− and Vibrationally Excited C6H in IRC +10216 (2008, methodology): “All known interstellar anions, C6H −, C4H −, C8H −, and C3N − (Thaddeus et al. 2008 and references therein), have been identified there, where they are fairly abundant.”