Hybrid Beamforming for Massive MIMO - A Survey

By Andreas F. Molisch, Vishnu V. Ratnam, Shengqian Han, Zheda Li, Sinh Le Hong Nguyen, Linsheng Li, Katsuyuki Haneda. arXiv.org, 2016

992 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Hybrid multiple-antenna transceivers, which combine large-dimensional analog pre/postprocessing with lower-dimensional digital processing, are the most promising approach for reducing the hardware cost and training overhead in massive MIMO systems. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the various incarnations of such structures that have been proposed in the literature. We provide a taxonomy in terms of the required channel state information (CSI), namely whether the processing adapts to the instantaneous or the average (second-order) CSI; while the former provides somewhat better signal-to-noise and interference ratio (SNIR), the latter has much lower overhead for CSI acquisition. We furthermore distinguish hardware structures of different complexities. Finally, we point out the special design aspects for operation at millimeter-wave frequencies.

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a31351a924f167c332daa40faace3c126b9d5bd8

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

Citations in the corpus

Massive MIMO Detection Techniques: A Survey (2019, background): “Massive MIMO has become a hot research topic in last few years, and, hence, several survey papers related to massive MIMO systems have been published [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16].”
A Comprehensive Survey on Millimeter Wave Communications for Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks: Feasibility and Challenges (2020, methodology): “Furthermore, in [278] hardware structures of different complexities were differentiated while noting the speciﬁc design aspects for operation at mmWave frequencies.”
6G Wireless Systems: Vision, Requirements, Challenges, Insights, and Opportunities (2020, background): “In addition, the compromise solution of hybrid beamforming striking the right balance between processing in the analog and digital domains has also received considerable attention [120–123].”
A Tutorial on Beam Management for 3GPP NR at mmWave Frequencies (2018, background): “The papers [77], [78] survey the main architectures for practical implementations of hybrid beamforming.”
Joint Radar and Communication Design: Applications, State-of-the-Art, and the Road Ahead (2019, unknown): “In order to reduce the hardware complexity and the associated costs, the maturing hybrid analog-digital (HAD) beamforming structure is typically used in such systems [95], [96], which requires much fewer RF chains than the fully digital transceivers.”
Prospective Multiple Antenna Technologies for Beyond 5G (2019, background): “The implementation of compact MIMO arrays is one of the challenges that is tackled in 5G literature [8], [192], [193].”
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Wireless Communications: Overview of Hardware Designs, Channel Models, and Estimation Techniques (2022, methodology): “, [13], [22] and references therein), and researchers have explored effective schemes to provide reconfigurability, such as analog beamforming networks, large arrays of inexpensive antennas”
A Survey on Hybrid Beamforming Techniques in 5G: Architecture and System Model Perspectives (2018, methodology): “The analog beamforming potential candidates are phase-shifters, switches, and antenna lens [21], whereas, the digital beamforming can utilize the established techniques on the effective channel to facilitate the multiple data streams.”
5G Key Technologies for Smart Railways (2020, background): “Hybrid BF is a technique in which a large number of antenna elements are connected, via an analog BF matrix in the RF domain, to a smaller number of RF chains that connect to the BBUs [133].”
Deep Learning Coordinated Beamforming for Highly-Mobile Millimeter Wave Systems (2018, background): “Most of the prior research has focused on developing beamforming strategies [8]–[10], evaluating the performance [11]–[13], or studying the practical feasibility of mmWave communication at fixed or lowmobility wireless systems [14]–[16].”