Perturbative quantum gravity as a double copy of gauge theory.

By Z. Bern, J. J. Carrasco, H. Johansson. Physical Review Letters, 2010

931 citations recorded by the source corpus.

In a previous paper we observed that (classical) tree-level gauge-theory amplitudes can be rearranged to display a duality between color and kinematics. Once this is imposed, gravity amplitudes are obtained using two copies of gauge-theory diagram numerators. Here we conjecture that this duality persists to all quantum loop orders and can thus be used to obtain multiloop gravity amplitudes easily from gauge-theory ones. As a nontrivial test, we show that the three-loop four-point amplitude of N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory can be arranged into a form satisfying the duality, and by taking double copies of the diagram numerators we obtain the corresponding amplitude of N=8 supergravity. We also remark on a nonsupersymmetric two-loop test based on pure Yang-Mills theory resulting in gravity coupled to an antisymmetric tensor and dilaton.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a2ec0c6af4aaf9f4203e72baad09b9003c0fd116

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Citations in the corpus

Double copy for massive quantum particles with spin (2019, methodology): “This duality is present in many physically relevant gauge theories, such as pure Yang-Mills theory [15, 17–19], quantum chromodynamics (QCD) [20–22], Yang-Mills-Higgs models [23], and supersymmetric generalizations thereof [16, 20, 23–28].”
Teleparallel Palatini theories (2018, methodology): “More recently, the work of Bern, Carrasco and Johansson established the doublecopy structure in the gravity amplitudes [93], which allows to obtain those amplitudes quite directly from the Yang-Mills amplitudes by a curious “squaring” procedure.”
Celestial operator products of gluons and gravitons (2019, neutral): “The appearance of a graviton in the OPE of two gluons is presumably the boundary manifestation of the still-enigmatic double-copy relation [39–41], in which gravity is the square of gauge theory.”
Post-Minkowskian effective field theory for conservative binary dynamics (2020, methodology): “. However, they signal a generic feature of computations involving the classical limit of quantum amplitudes.4 Hence, while the method of generalized unitarity [103,104] and the double copy technique [105,106] allow to bypass the need of a large set of Feynman diagrams [64],5 and the impetus formula”
Type D spacetimes and the Weyl double copy (2018, background): “igh multiplicity. More recently, Bern, Carrasco and Johansson (BCJ) discovered a new and simple form for the double copy [2] which also leads to a natural formulation of the double copy at loop level [3]. This form of the double copy has been extensively studied at tree level, leading to various pro”
Spinning black hole binary dynamics, scattering amplitudes, and effective field theory (2020, background): “[41–43, 76].”
Explicit BCJ numerators from pure spinors (2011, positive): “It plays a crucial role for taming the non-planar sector of SYM and for understanding gravity as the double copy of gauge theories [1].”
From boundary data to bound states (2019, methodology): “The scattering angle to 3PM order was derived more recently, using novel tools from the theory of scattering amplitudes [27–29, 32, 33] via the 3PM Hamiltonian [36, 37].”
Colour-Kinematics duality for one-loop rational amplitudes (2013, methodology): “The fourpoint amplitude has also been shown to admit a colour-kinematics dual form in reduced supersymmetry theories at one-loop [24]; in the case of pure Yang-Mills, up to two loops when all helicities are equal [2].”
The double copy: Bremsstrahlung and accelerating black holes (2016, background): “One very exciting feature of the BCJ procedure is that it admits a simple extension to loop diagrams in the quantum theory [4].”
The classical double copy for Taub–NUT spacetime (2015, background): “Follow-up work has examined loop-level amplitudes [3,12–30], form-factors [31], or alternative theories [32].”