Detection of Oxygen and Carbon in the Hydrodynamically Escaping Atmosphere of the Extrasolar Planet HD 209458b

By A. Vidal-Madjar, J. D'esert, A. D. Étangs, G. H'ebrard, Gilda E. Ballester, David Ehrenreich, R. Ferlet, J. McConnell, M. Mayor, C. Parkinson. 2004

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Four transits of the planet orbiting the star HD 209458 were observed with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope. The wavelength domain (1180-1710 Å) includes H I as well as C I, C II, C IV, N V, O I, S I, Si II, Si III, and Si IV lines. During the transits, absorptions are detected in H I, O I, and C II (5% ± 2%, 13% ± 4.5%, and 7.5% ± 3.5%, respectively). No absorptions are detected for other lines. The 5% mean absorption over the whole H I Lyα line is consistent with the previous detection completed in 2003 at higher resolution (Vidal-Madjar et al.). The absorption depths in O I and C II show that oxygen and carbon are present in the extended upper atmosphere of HD 209458b (nicknamed "Osiris"). These species must be carried out up to the Roche lobe and beyond, most likely in a state of hydrodynamic escape.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

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Citations in the corpus

• PLANETARY POPULATION SYNTHESIS COUPLED WITH ATMOSPHERIC ESCAPE: A STATISTICAL VIEW OF EVAPORATION (2014, background): “The estimated atmosphere mass-loss rate for HD 209458b is& 1010 g s−1 (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2004, 2008).”
• Ground-based detection of sodium in the transmission spectrum of exoplanet HD209458b (2008, background): “Subsequently, strong absorption features have been detected in HD209458b from hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon at a level of 5-15%, thought to be caused by an evaporating exosphere (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003; 2004).”
• A New Window into Escaping Exoplanet Atmospheres: 10830 Å Line of Helium (2017, background): “…obtained for a handful of exoplanets to date in the form of a strong absorption signal detected in the wings of the hydrogen Lyα line, but also in some UV lines of metals (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003, 2004; Lecavelier Des Etangs et al. 2010; Linsky et al. 2010; Fossati et al. 2010; Kulow et al. 2014).”
• Atmospheric Escape and the Evolution of Close-In Exoplanets (2018, background): “UV transit spectroscopy of HD209458b revealed large transit depths in lines of OI and CII (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2004) and similarly for HD189733b (Ben-Jaffel & Ballester 2013).”
• Detection of a Neptune-Mass Planet in the ρ1 Cancri System Using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (2004, background): “This loss of a gas envelope for very short period planets is supported by the observation of an extended H I, O I and C II atmosphere around HD209458b (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003; 2004), which may be in hydrodynamic escape from the planet (Lecavelier et al. 2004).”
• Transit spectrophotometry of the exoplanet HD189733b. I. Searching for water but finding haze with HST NICMOS (2009, background): “The first transiting planet discovered, HD209458b, holds the distinction of the first detection of an extrasolar planetary atmosphere (Charbonneau et al. 2002) and escaping atmosphere (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003, 2004, 2008; Ballester et al. 2007).”
• Atmospheric Circulation of Hot Jupiters: Three-dimensional Circulation Models of HD 209458b and HD 189733b with Simplified Forcing (2008, neutral): “Despite the above, some hot Jupiters may be losing mass from the top of their atmospheres (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003, 2004), which suggests that hydrostatic equilibrium should break down at extremely low pressures (above the top of our model) where this outflow occurs.”
• Origins of Eccentric Extrasolar Planets: Testing the Planet-Planet Scattering Model (2007, background): “…be directly accreted onto the star if their pericenters continue to decrease, or they might be ablated or destroyed by stellar winds/radiation (Vidal-Madjar et al. 2003, 2004; Murrary-Clay et al. 2005), or even ejected from the system following a strong tidal interaction (Faber, Rasio &…”
• The escape of heavy atoms from the ionosphere of HD209458b. I. A photochemical–dynamical model of the thermosphere (2012, background): “Subsequent detection of5 heavy atoms and ions (Vidal-Madjar et al., 2004; Linsky et al., 2010) point6 out the need for more complex models that include the chemistry associated7 with these species as well as the collision coupling between them and the ma-8 jor species.”
• Composition and fate of short-period super-Earths: The case of CoRoT-7b (2009, positive): “However, the fact that a detection of escaping H, C and O is possible for HD 209458 b (Vidal-Madjar et al., 2003, 2004) yield great hopes for similar measurements for CoRoT-7b and close-in super-Earths in the nearby future.”