Cellulose nanowhiskers separated from a bio-residue from wood bioethanol production

By Kristiina Oksman, Jackson A. Etang, Aji P. Mathew, Mehdi Jonoobi. 2011

154 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the utilization of industrial bio-residues as a source of raw material for the industrial production of cellulose nanowhiskers. The used residue, obtained from a bioethanol pilot plant, was first purified using chemical extraction and bleaching, and then separated to nanowhiskers by mechanical treatments such as ultrasonication, high-pressure homogenization as well as chemical acid hydrolysis. The chemical compositions and characteristics of the bio-residue were studied before and after purification using a TAPPI standard, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of the isolated nanowhiskers was characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM). The chemical composition of the used bio-residue was found to be 49.5 wt% cellulose, 42.1 wt% lignin and 8.4 wt% extractives. The crystallinity of the bio-residue was 14.5% and it increased to more than 73% after the purification process. The nanowhiskers isolated using ultrasonication or high-pressure homogenization had better thermal stability than nanowhiskers isolated with acid hydrolysis. The AFM study showed that a simple ultrasonication and homogenization processes resulted in nanosize whiskers with diameters in the 10–20 nm range.

Subfields: Biomaterials, Biomedical Engineering, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a26cd91d41e1b980dc9852ce689c54daeb66d27a

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In Biomaterials

1. J. Rhim
2. L. Avérous
3. E. Fortunati
4. Susheel Kalia
5. B. Cherian
6. B. Kaith
7. J. Njuguna
8. E. Nassiopoulos

In Biomedical Engineering

1. L. Avérous
2. Xiaogang Luo
3. Susheel Kalia
4. J. Reddy
5. E. Fortunati
6. A. Dufresne
7. J. Rhim
8. J. George

In Plant Science

1. L. Avérous
2. J. Rhim
3. Xiaogang Luo
4. Susheel Kalia
5. J. Reddy
6. A. Dufresne

Citations in the corpus

• Isolation of cellulose nanocrystals from onion skin and their utilization for the preparation of agar-based bio-nanocomposites films (2015, background): “Oksman et al. (2011) extracted cellulose nanowhiskers from industrial bio-residues as a source of raw material.”
• Crosslinked natural rubber nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose whiskers isolated from bamboo waste: Processing and mechanical/thermal properties (2012, unknown): “These dimensions were derived from the height image using Nanoscope V software to eliminate the tip broadening effect as found in our earlier studies on MCC based nanowhiskers [25–27].”
• Cellulose-Based Bio- and Nanocomposites: A Review (2011, background): “Bioresidue from wood bioethanol production several 100 10–20 — [112]”
• Production of nanocrystalline cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass: technology and applications. (2013, background): “On he other hand, Oksman et al. (2011), separated NCC from a bioesidue of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.”