Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2005, Featuring Trends in Lung Cancer, Tobacco Use, and Tobacco Control

By A. Jemal, M. Thun, L. Ries, H. Howe, H. Weir, Melissa M. Center, Elizabeth E. Ward, Xiaocheng Wu, C. Eheman, Robert N. Anderson and 3 more. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2008

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Background The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) collaborate annually to provide updated information on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. This year’s report includes trends in lung cancer incidence and death rates, tobacco use, and tobacco control by state of residence. Methods Information on invasive cancers was obtained from the NCI, CDC, and NAACCR and information on mortality from the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics. Annual percentage changes in the age-standardized incidence and death rates (2000 US population standard) for all cancers combined and for the top 15 cancers were estimated by joinpoint analysis of long-term (1975–2005) trends and by least squares linear regression of short-term (1996–2005) trends. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Both incidence and death rates from all cancers combined decreased statistically significantly (P < .05) in men and women overall and in most racial and ethnic populations. These decreases were driven largely by declines in both incidence and death rates for the three most common cancers in men (lung, colorectum, and prostate) and for two of the three leading cancers in women (breast and colorectum), combined with a leveling off of lung cancer death rates in women. Although the national trend in female lung cancer death rates has stabilized since 2003, after increasing for several decades, there is prominent state and regional variation. Lung cancer incidence and/or death rates among women increased in 18 states, 16 of them in the South or Midwest, where, on average, the prevalence of smoking was higher and the annual percentage decrease in current smoking among adult women was lower than in the West and Northeast. California was the only state with decreasing lung cancer incidence and death rates in women. Conclusions Although the decrease in overall cancer incidence and death rates is encouraging, large state and regional differences in lung cancer trends among women underscore the need to maintain and strengthen many state tobacco control programs.

Subfields: Epidemiology, Oncology

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Citations in the corpus

Cancer statistics, 2015 (2015, background): “differences in smoking prevalence among states.(49) For example, lung cancer incidence rates in Kentucky, which has historically had the highest smoking prevalence, are 3.”
Cancer statistics, 2013 (2013, background): “Lung cancer shows the largest geographic variation in cancer occurrence by far, reflecting the large historical and continuing differences in smoking prevalence among states.(20) For example, lung cancer incidence rates in Kentucky, which has historically had the highest smoking prevalence, are almo”
Global cancer statistics, 2012 (2015, neutral): “lung cancer occurrence.(58,59) In the developing world, many of the most populous countries, such as China and India, are in the earlier stages of the tobacco epidemic.”
Red and Processed Meat and Colorectal Cancer Incidence: Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies (2011, background): “Recent declines in mortality from colorectal cancer have been observed in North America and Japan, possibly due to primary prevention (surveillance and screening) and improved treatment [2].”
International Trends in Colorectal Cancer Incidence Rates (2009, background): “Based on recent incidence data from the United States, colorectal cancer incidence rates continued to decrease through 2005 in both males and females (13, 14).”
Cancer statistics, 2014 (2014, positive): “the lung cancer death rate declined 34% between 1991 and 2010 among males and 9% between 2002 and 2010 among females.(5,23) Death rates for breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers are down from peak rates by 34%, 45%, and 46%, respectively, as a result of improvements in early detection and treatme”
Cancer statistics, 2018 (2018, positive): “The largest geographic variation in cancer occurrence by far is for lung cancer, reflecting the large historical and continuing differences in smoking prevalence between states.(57) For example, lung cancer incidence rates in Kentucky (116 per 100,000 population in men and 80 per 100,000 population ”
Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975–2012, Featuring the Increasing Incidence of Liver Cancer (2016, positive): “For example, successful and comprehensive public health tobacco-control strategies remain an important contributing factor to the observed declines in lung cancer incidence and mortality among both men and women.(11,54-56) To aid in the earlier diagnosis of lung cancer among those who remain at an i”