The causality link between energy electricity consumption, CO2 emissions, R&D stocks and economic growth in Mediterranean countries (MCs)

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Public-private partnerships investment in energy as new determinant of CO2 emissions: The role of technological innovations in China (2020, methodology): “Kahouli (2018) employed the GMM empirical approach to examine the association between R&D investments and CO2 emissions in a panel of Mediterranean economies for the period of 1990-2016.”
Impact of Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution, and Energy Consumption on Health Expenditure and R&D Expenditure of ASEAN Countries (2019, background): “Likewise, Kahouli [15] also emphasized on the empirical link between R&D expenditures, CO2 emanations, energy consumption, and economic growth in Mediterranean nations.”
Revisiting the role of tourism and globalization in environmental degradation in China: Fresh insights from the quantile ARDL approach (2020, background): “Besides, some research has estimated the link between economic growth and the environment, including Sinha et al. (2017) for Next 11 nations, Baloch (2018) and Zhang et al. (2018) for Pakistan, Kahouli (2018) for Mediterranean countries, Bekun et al. (2019) for South Africa, and Dong et al. (2018) f”