Consequences of long-distance swimming and travel over deep-water pack ice for a female polar bear during a year of extreme sea ice retreat

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Long-distance swimming by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) of the southern Beaufort Sea during years of extensive open water (2012, background): “Reduced availability of sea ice has been associated with novel polar bear behavior (e.g., Monnett and Gleason 2006; Stirling et al. 2008; Durner et al. 2011), reduced stature and survival (Stirling et al.”
Maternal condition determines birth date and growth of newborn bear cubs (2012, background): “This is particularly important for polar bears, which inhabit constantly shifting and drifting sea ice and often must swim (Durner et al. 2011).”
Late Cretaceous bioconnections between Indo‐Madagascar and Antarctica: refutation of the Gunnerus Ridge causeway hypothesis (2011, background): “…across expansive marine barriers [the recent documentation of a polar bear, Ursus maritimus, swimming 687 km in 9 days presents a striking example (Durner et al., 2011), although this species is clearly not an obligate terrestrial form]; or (2) the basal stocks of these clades, currently…”
Importance of fast ice and glacier fronts for female polar bears and their cubs during spring in Svalbard, Norway (2012, unknown): “Adult polar bears are extremely good swimmers (Durner et al. 2011) and are well insulated to cope with the cold ocean temperatures in the Arctic.”