Acoustic properties of phonemes in continuous speech for different speaking rate
By H. Kuwabara. 1996
An investigation has been made for individual phonemes focusing mainly on their duration in continuous speech spoken at different rates: fast, normal, and slow. Fifteen short sentences uttered by four male speakers have been used as the speech material which comprises a total of 291 morae. The normal speaking rate (n-speech) is, on average, 150 milliseconds/mora (or 300 morae/minute) and the four speakers were asked to read the sentences twice as fast as (f-speech) and half as slow as (s-speech) the normal speed in reference to n-speech. Among consonants, the greatest influence has been found to occur on the syllabic nasal /N/ and the least on the voiceless stop /t/ in f-speech. For s-speech, /N/ has also been found to be the greatest but the least is voiced stop /d/. The ratio of duration between consonant and vowel of a CV-syllable in f-speech is kept almost the same as that in n-speech while vowel lengthening becomes significantly large in s-speech.
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Citations in the corpus
- BASE TTS: Lessons from building a billion-parameter Text-to-Speech model on 100K hours of data (2024, background): “The WavLM-based speech representations are learned at a frequency of 50 Hz to ensure that they offer enough resolution in time to be able to discriminate between single phonemes even in fast-paced speech (the average length of English phonemes tends not to dip below 20ms [48]).”
- Speaking Speed Control of End-to-End Speech Synthesis using Sentence-Level Conditioning (2020, background): “In [12], the authors reported that the ratio of the duration of the vowels to that of the consonants increased as the speaking speed changed from normal to slow.”
- A Fully Convolutional Neural Network for Speech Enhancement (2016, background): “Considering that the average normal length of vowels in speech is around 99ms [28], 88ms seems to be optimal length to contain informative characteristics of speech.”