Recent developments in reverse osmosis desalination membranes

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Fabrication and characterization of polyamide thin film nanocomposite (TFN) nanofiltration membrane impregnated with TiO2 nanoparticles (2013, background): “Lower operation cost, higher water flux and good rejection of salt or organic compounds with low molecular weights (200 to 500 g mol−1) are the most significant advantages of these new membranes compared to the traditional RO membranes[1–8].”
Interfacial polymerization of polyamide-aluminosilicate SWNT nanocomposite membranes for reverse osmosis (2013, background): “However, substantial innovations in RO membrane engineering are still in high exigency because of the increasing needs for desalination membranes with enhanced permeate flux, higher salt rejection, and greater resistance to fouling [9].”
Polymer-matrix nanocomposite membranes for water treatment (2015, methodology): “Based on the solution–diffusion theory widely used to describe the mass transport in the PA TFC membrane [204,205], an increase in hydrophilicity of membranes could facilitate water solubilization and diffusion through the membrane, thus improve water permeability [206].”
A novel thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis membrane with superior anti-organic fouling affinity for water desalination (2015, unknown): “In this regard, brackish/seawater desalination and wastewater recovery are considered as the two major alternatives [1–3].”