Effect of cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of 4340 steel

By S. Zhirafar, A. Rezaeian, M. Pugh. 2007

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Cryogenic Treatment of Tool Materials: A Review (2010, methodology): “Reheating these crystallographic and microstructural changes results in the precipitation of finer carbides in the tempered microstructure, with consequent increase in both toughness and wear resistance [5, 6, 8, 32].”
Investigation of the effects of cryogenic treatment applied at different holding times to cemented carbide inserts on tool wear (2014, background): “Cryogenic treatment is a supplementary process to conventional heat treatment and it has recently been used to improve some properties of materials such as wear resistance, fatigue life and residual stress [7,8].”
Cryoprocessing of cutting tool materials—a review (2010, methodology): “Zhirafar et al. [ 32 ] worked on effect of cryoprocessing on some properties of a high-demand alloy AISI 4340 and by neutron diffraction technique showed that the main microstructural effect of cryoprocessing was a small reduction in the quantity of “retained austenite,” which was transformed”
Deep Cryogenic Treatment: A Bibliographic Review (2008, methodology): “3%) after DCT has been observed in [12] on AISI 4340 steel; the authors have attributed this decrease to the higher martensite content of the cryotreated samples.”