All you wanted to know about spermatogonia but were afraid to ask.

By D. G. Rooij, L. Russell. Journal of Andrology, 2000

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Staged developmental mapping and X chromosome transcriptional dynamics during mouse spermatogenesis (2018, background): “These cells have competency to undergo spermatogonial differentiation, which involves six transit-amplifying mitotic divisions generating A1-4, Intermediate, and B spermatogonia, which then give rise to pre-leptotene spermatocytes (pL) (de Rooij and Russell, 2000).”
In vitro cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in mammalian germline stem cells. (2005, neutral): “The cells were immortalized using the large T antigen gene and exhibit a phenotype characteristic of germline stem cells in vivo, such as the expression of the Ret and GFRa-1 surface receptors and of the nuclear factor Oct-4 (de Rooij and Russell, 2000; Pesce et al., 1998; Hofmann et al., 2005b).”
Specific arrests of spermatogenesis in genetically modified and mutant mice (2004, background): “Spermatogonial stem cells are single cells located on the basal membrane of the seminiferous tubules and are called A-single (As) spermatogonia (review de Rooij and Russell, 2000).”
Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions (2015, background): “03%) (142, 143), the average number of spermatozoa present in a human male can be calculated to be ~2.”