Quaternary refugia of the sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.): an extended palynological approach

By P. Krebs, M. Conedera, M. Pradella, D. Torriani, M. Felber, W. Tinner. 2004

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Role of domestication in shaping Castanea sativa genetic variation in Europe (2008, unknown): “Krebs et al. (2004) suggested the existence of a refugium area in the north and northwestern Spain, as well as a refugium area in mainland Greece with medium to high and medium probability, respectively.”
Species persistence in northerly glacial refugia of Europe: a matter of chance or biogeographical traits? (2008, background): “, 2000) and Carpinus orientalis (Tzedakis, 1993) as well as genetic evidence (Grivet & Petit, 2003), and fossil evidence (Krebs et al., 2004) for Castanea sativa suggest that they also survived only in southerly refugia.”
Past tree range dynamics in the Iberian Peninsula inferred through phylogeography and palaeodistribution modelling: A review (2010, background): “Palaeoecological records indicate that the species was present before the last glaciation and went extinct (or largely extinct, as some recent evidence points to the possible existence of LGM populations in northern Spain; Krebs et al., 2004).”
Distribution and economic potential of the Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Europe (2004, background): “The main chestnut refugia are though to be the Transcaucasian region, north-western Anatolia, the hinterland of the Tyrrhenian coast from Liguria to Lazio along the Apennine range, the region around Lago di Monticchio (Monte Vulture) in southern Italy, the Cantabrian coast on the Iberian peninsula, ”