Invasive and indigenous microbiota impact intestinal stem cell activity through multiple pathways in Drosophila.
By Nicolas Buchon, N. Broderick, Sveta Chakrabarti, B. Lemaître. Genes & Development, 2009
729 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Gut homeostasis is controlled by both immune and developmental mechanisms, and its disruption can lead to inflammatory disorders or cancerous lesions of the intestine. While the impact of bacteria on the mucosal immune system is beginning to be precisely understood, little is known about the effects of bacteria on gut epithelium renewal. Here, we addressed how both infectious and indigenous bacteria modulate stem cell activity in Drosophila. We show that the increased epithelium renewal observed upon some bacterial infections is a consequence of the oxidative burst, a major defense of the Drosophila gut. Additionally, we provide evidence that the JAK-STAT (Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription) and JNK (c-Jun NH(2) terminal kinase) pathways are both required for bacteria-induced stem cell proliferation. Similarly, we demonstrate that indigenous gut microbiota activate the same, albeit reduced, program at basal levels. Altered control of gut microbiota in immune-deficient or aged flies correlates with increased epithelium renewal. Finally, we show that epithelium renewal is an essential component of Drosophila defense against oral bacterial infection. Altogether, these results indicate that gut homeostasis is achieved by a complex interregulation of the immune response, gut microbiota, and stem cell activity.
Subfields: Immunology, Insect Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/11989e2622a69f137eec6b785672a904e085d653
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Citations in the corpus
- The gut microbiota of insects - diversity in structure and function. (2013, background): “The extent of the epithelial cell renewal is proportional to the virulence and concentration of the bacteria in the midgut (Buchon et al., 2009a).”
- Lactobacillus plantarum promotes Drosophila systemic growth by modulating hormonal signals through TOR-dependent nutrient sensing. (2011, background): “, 2008) and influences epithelial homeostasis through the promotion of intestinal stem cell activity (Buchon et al., 2009).”
- Bacterial symbionts as mediators of ecologically important traits of insect hosts (2011, background): “Nonetheless, a specific gut microflora may be a necessary component of the insect’s microbiota since its absence may have considerable negative effects on development and immune function (Zurek et al., 2000; Buchon et al., 2009).”