Role for adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism.

By W. Young, A. Stanson, G. Thompson, C. Grant, D. Farley, J. V. van Heerden. Surgery, 2004

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American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Medical Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentalomas: executive summary of recommendations. (2009, positive): “…mineralocorticoid receptor blockers need no further evaluation ( The success of AVS is very much dependent on the operator’s experience; thus, AVS should be relegated to medical centers with a busy interventional radiologist dedicated to this particular procedure (66-68 [EL 3], 83 [EL 2]) .”
The Management of Primary Aldosteronism: Case Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. (2016, methodology): “On the basis of CT findings, 42 patients (22%) would have been incorrectly excluded as candidates for adrenalectomy, and 48 (25%) might have had unnecessary or inappropriate surgery (76).”
A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1,125 hypertensive patients. (2006, background): “Because these small tumors can escape detection with all imaging techniques, it is not surprising that they could be accurately identified with CT or MR only in about one-half of the cases ( 42 ).”
Case detection, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. (2008, methodology): “In a review of 16 published reports, the accuracy of the posture stimulation test was 85% in 246 patients with surgically verified APA (82).”