Board demographic diversity, independence, and corporate social performance

By Lu Zhang. 2012

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Composition and Activity of the Board of Directors: Impact on ESG Performance in the Banking System (2018, background): “More in detail, women on boards positively impact the firm’s charitable contributions [25,30], apprehension for climate change [31], Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini (KLD) strengths [8] and reputation-based CSR measures [28].”
Can board gender diversity promote corporate social performance (2017, background): “…(Bernadi and Threadgill, 2010), improved connections with the community (Hillman et al. , 2002), enhanced organizational practices relating to CSR (Zhang, 2012) and, in particular, environmental performance (Rao et al ., 2012) and restraint of disreputable practices such as pollution (Bear et al…”
Sustainability Reporting and Firms’ Economic Performance: Evidence from Asia and Africa (2020, background): “…sustainability reporting, as well as the quantity and quality of disclosed information, is positively influenced by the presence of independent directors and of a dual leadership structure (Chau and Gray 2010; Zhang 2012; Jizi et al. 2014; Shamil et al. 2014; Liao et al. 2015; Eberhardt-Toth 2017).”
Comprehensive Board Diversity and Quality of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: Evidence from an Emerging Market (2017, background): “A study conducted by Zhang (2012) on publicly traded Fortune 500 companies in 2007 ﬁnds that ethnicity is positively related to CSR ratings.”