Scale-free topology of e-mail networks.

By Holger Ebel, Lutz-Ingo Mielsch, Stefan Bornholdt. Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics, 2002

967 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We study the topology of e-mail networks with e-mail addresses as nodes and e-mails as links using data from server log files. The resulting network exhibits a scale-free link distribution and pronounced small-world behavior, as observed in other social networks. These observations imply that the spreading of e-mail viruses is greatly facilitated in real e-mail networks compared to random architectures.

Subfields: Computer Networks and Communications, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9db3ca6d10c54093d7ce0bdeea18b8391ee9a00f

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In Computer Networks and Communications

In Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

Citations in the corpus

Evolution and Structure of the Internet: Index (2004, background): “Worms in turn spread on the social network defined by e-mail exchanges that in many instances exhibit scale-free properties (Ebel et al., 2002).”
Zipf's law and the Internet (2002, background): “Both email (Ebel 2002) and instant messaging networks (Smith 2002) have been shown to be scale free.”
Network topology of the interbank market (2003, background): “Exponents in the range of 2 are, for example, the Web (2:1) [38] or mathematicians’ collaboration networks (2:1) [39], and examples for exponents of about 1:5 are email networks (1:5) [40] and co-authorships (1:2) [41].”
Comparison of online social relations in volume vs interaction: a case study of cyworld (2008, background): “Email networks are one of the most studied such networks [14,25,41,42].”
Accessibility of Cities in the Digital Economy (2004, background): “lephone number that has many people manning the phones). Similar distributions are seen for the number of calls placed by users and also for the numbers of email messages that people send and receive [26, 27]. (f) Magnitude of earthquakes: The cumulativedistribution of the Richter (local) magnitude ”
Complex networks: small-world, scale-free and beyond (2003, neutral): “WWW [14] 153127 0.11 3.1 γin=2.1 γout=2.45 E-mail [ 15 ] 56969 0.03 4.95 1.81”
Mixing patterns in networks. (2002, background): “Suppose for example that we are interested, as many people seem to be these days, in networks that have power-law degree distributions, p k ∼ k − τ [1, 2, 3, 7, 33, 49, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61].”
Why social networks are different from other types of networks. (2003, neutral): “The value of the clustering coeﬃcient in the null con-ﬁguration model can be calculated in a straightforward fashion [21, 22].”