Cellulose nanofiber-reinforced polylactic acid

By Atsuhiro Iwatake, Masaya Nogi, Hiroyuki Yano. 2008

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Mechanical properties of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) prepared by twin screw extrusion (2010, methodology): “That can be avoided by first mixing them in a suitable medium, either in a liquid, which is then fed into the extruder, or first dried and then extruded [14-22].”
Review of the recent developments in cellulose nanocomposite processing (2016, methodology): “[85] made cellulose nanofiber-reinforced PLA with different nanofiber contents, from 3 to 20 wt.”
Influence of chemical surface modification of cellulose nanowhiskers on thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of poly(lactide) based bionanocomposites (2013, background): “M A CR O M O LE CU LA R N A N O TE CH N O LO G Y elongation at break decrease when interfacial affinity is not ensured [42,59–61].”
Effect of high residual lignin on the thermal stability of nanofibrils and its enhanced mechanical performance in aqueous environments (2015, methodology): “The most common methods include acetylation (Rodionova et al. 2011), silylation (Gousse et al. 2004), use of coupling agents (Lu et al. 2008), polymer grafting (Lonnberg et al. 2011), use of surfactants (Islam et al. 2013), and solvent exchange (Iwatake et al. 2008).”