Quantification and characterisation of porosity in selectively laser melted Al–Si10–Mg using X-ray computed tomography

By I. Maskery, N. Aboulkhair, Martin Corfield, Christopher John Tuck, A. Clare, Richard Leach, Ricky Wildman, Ian Ashcroft, Richard J. M. Hague. 2016

274 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We used X-ray computed tomography (CT), microscopy and hardness measurements to study Al–Si10–Mg produced by selective laser melting (SLM). Specimens were subject to a series of heat treatments including annealing and precipitation hardening. The specimen interiors were imaged with X-ray CT, allowing the non-destructive quantification and characterisation of pores, including their spatial distribution. The specimens had porosities less than 0.1%, but included some pores with effective cross-sectional diameters up to 260 μm. The largest pores were highly anisotropic, being flat and lying in the plane normal to the build direction. Annealing cycles caused significant coarsening of the microstructure and a reduction of the hardness from (114 ± 3) HV, in the as-built state, to (45 ± 1) HV, while precipitation hardening increased this to a final hardness of (59 ± 1) HV. The pore size and shape distributions were unaffected by the heat treatments. We demonstrate the applicability of CT measurements and quantitative defect analysis for the purposes of SLM process monitoring and refinement.

Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9d2159677a31e2ae4ff83c04d9098e5c5ab67f64

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Citations in the corpus

Qualification of AM parts: Extreme value statistics applied to tomographic measurements (2017, methodology): “A very powerful way to inspect AM components and to evaluate the defects inside the material is using CT, which allows to detect embedded defects, even in inaccessible features, and to characterize and qualify the manufacturing process [3,5-8].”
X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography in Additive Manufacturing: A Review of the Current Technology and Applications (2018, unknown): “A similar type of study was reported in Maskery et al. 57 for LPBF parts, with typical porosity of 0.1%.”
A mechanical property evaluation of graded density Al-Si10-Mg lattice structures manufactured by selective laser melting (2016, result): “This evidence, in a addition to a previous result[37] showing porosity less that 0.”
A comparison of fatigue strength sensitivity to defects for materials manufactured by AM or traditional processes (2017, methodology): “In this case, computed tomography scans are the standard control used for the identification of internal defects and the adoption of extreme value concepts is an interesting addition the to state-of-the-art for this topic [31,106,107].”
Corrosion performance of additively manufactured stainless steel parts: A review (2020, background): “A low level of LED causes non-spherical pores but high amounts of this parameter lead to the formation of spherical pores during the AM process [192,193].”