Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by X-ray spectro-holography

By S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, J. Stöhr. Nature, 2004

642 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Our knowledge of the structure of matter is largely based on X-ray diffraction studies of periodic structures and the successful transformation (inversion) of the diffraction patterns into real-space atomic maps. But the determination of non-periodic nanoscale structures by X-rays is much more difficult. Inversion of the measured diffuse X-ray intensity patterns suffers from the intrinsic loss of phase information, and direct imaging methods are limited in resolution by the available X-ray optics. Here we demonstrate a versatile technique for imaging nanostructures, based on the use of resonantly tuned soft X-rays for scattering contrast and the direct Fourier inversion of a holographically formed interference pattern. Our implementation places the sample behind a lithographically manufactured mask with a micrometre-sized sample aperture and a nanometre-sized hole that defines a reference beam. As an example, we have used the resonant X-ray magnetic circular dichroism effect to image the random magnetic domain structure in a Co/Pt multilayer film with a spatial resolution of 50 nm. Our technique, which is a form of Fourier transform holography, is transferable to a wide variety of specimens, appears scalable to diffraction-limited resolution, and is well suited for ultrafast single-shot imaging with coherent X-ray free-electron laser sources.

Subfields: Condensed Matter Physics, Radiation, Structural Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9cc44c861e85fb27de40f2d710044e7dace0f101

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In Condensed Matter Physics

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Citations in the corpus

Interface-Induced Phenomena in Magnetism (2016, positive): “, 1993] as well as reciprocal space techniques such as X-ray holography [Eisebitt et al., 2004] and various coherent X-ray diffraction imaging techniques [Tripathi et al.”
Review of third and next generation synchrotron light sources (2005, background): “Circular polarized soft x-rays play a prominent role at this research frontier and, if coherent, they can even be used to directly image magnetic domains by holographic techniques (Eisebitt et al 2004).”
Phase recovery and holographic image reconstruction using deep learning in neural networks (2017, neutral): “This framework introduces a myriad of opportunities to design fundamentally new coherent imaging systems and can be broadly applicable to any phase recovery problem, spanning different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, including visible wavelengths as well as X-rays 28,30,50,51 .”