Comparison of detrended fluctuation analysis and spectral analysis for heart rate variability in sleep and sleep apnea

By T. Penzel, Jan W. Kantelhardt, L. Grote, J. Peter, Armin Bunde. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2003

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Heart Rate Variability in Psychology: A Review of HRV Indices and an Analysis Tutorial (2021, background): “DFA eventually extracts both long-term correlations and short-term correlations, with anywhere between 4 and 16 heartbeats for the former, and 16 and 64 heartbeats for the latter [98].”
Support Vector Machines for Automated Recognition of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome From ECG Recordings (2009, methodology): “To overcome some limitations in [40], Platt applies a sigmoid regression to the output of SVMs to approximate the posterior probability [44] and demonstrates that the SVM + sigmoid combinations produce probabilities that are of comparable quality to the regularized maximum likelihood kernel methods.”
Emotion recognition using wireless signals (2016, background): “These features can be divided into time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis, timefrequency analysis, Poincaré plot [32], Sample Entropy [36], and Detrend Fluctuation Analysis [46].”