Synchronization and desynchronization in epilepsy: controversies and hypotheses

By P. Jiruška, M. de Curtis, John Gordon Ralph Jefferys, C. Schevon, S. Schiff, Kaspar Anton Schindler. Journal of Physiology, 2012

645 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Abstract Epilepsy has been historically seen as a functional brain disorder associated with excessive synchronization of large neuronal populations leading to a hypersynchronous state. Recent evidence showed that epileptiform phenomena, particularly seizures, result from complex interactions between neuronal networks characterized by heterogeneity of neuronal firing and dynamical evolution of synchronization. Desynchronization is often observed preceding seizures or during their early stages; in contrast, high levels of synchronization observed towards the end of seizures may facilitate termination. In this review we discuss cellular and network mechanisms responsible for such complex changes in synchronization. Recent work has identified cell‐type‐specific inhibitory and excitatory interactions, the dichotomy between neuronal firing and the non‐local measurement of local field potentials distant to that firing, and the reflection of the neuronal dark matter problem in non‐firing neurons active in seizures. These recent advances have challenged long‐established views and are leading to a more rigorous and realistic understanding of the pathophysiology of epilepsy.

Subfields: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9bf9e2ee09c9378a07155f317b7b9fa467113b2a

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Citations in the corpus

On the nature of seizure dynamics. (2014, background): “Rather, the fast discharges described by (x1, y1) are analogous to the low voltage fast activity that is still an active area of basic research (Jiruska et al., 2013) and has great value in localizing focal seizures (Zakaria et al., 2012).”