Thermal conductivity of nanoscale colloidal solutions (nanofluids).

By Ravi S. Prasher, Prajesh Bhattacharya, Patrick E. Phelan. Physical Review Letters, 2005

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A Review of Thermal Conductivity Data, Mechanisms and Models for Nanofluids (2010, methodology): “[89] also reasoned that, if the observed exceptional enhancements of thermal conductivity are due to small particle size, then thermal conductivity for large particle sizes should be explained based on the conventional effective medium theory such as the Maxwell-Garnett model.”
Thermal conductance of nanofluids: is the controversy over? (2008, methodology): “Motivated by the ‘unusual’ thermal conductivity enhancements, a number of researchers promoted the concept of Brownian motion induced micro or nanoconvection (Jang and Choi 2004; Koo and Kleinstreuer 2004; Prasher et al. 2005 ).”
A Review on the Mechanisms of Heat Transport in Nanofluids (2009, methodology): “[19] Al2O3/H2O 3-60 Local convection caused by the Brownian movement of”
The thermal conductivity of alumina nanofluids in water, ethylene glycol, and ethylene glycol + water mixtures (2010, background): “and Crosser 1962), Brownian motion of particles ( Prasher et al. 2005 ), resistance due to an ordered layer of fluid at the particle surface (Yu and Choi 2003), and particle aggregation (Prasher et al. 2006).”