Carbamazepine and diclofenac: removal in wastewater treatment plants and occurrence in water bodies.

By Yongjun Zhang, S. Geissen, Carmen Gal. Chemosphere, 2008

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Photocatalysis for Organic Wastewater Treatment: From the Basis to Current Challenges for Society (2020, background): “Globally, around 15 g pharmaceutical products were consumed per capita and 3 to 10 times higher in developed countries [26].”
Photoactive microfiltration membranes via directed synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles on the polymer surface for removal of drugs from water (2015, neutral): “48 mg/L [3] and 0.”
Competitive adsorption studies of caffeine and diclofenac aqueous solutions by activated carbon (2014, background): “It is one of the few drugs, together with the hormone 17a-ethinylestradiol, that can be considered to present toxic effects on bacteria, invertebrates and algae [6,7].”
Occurrence and removal of antibiotics, hormones and several other pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants of the largest industrial city of Korea. (2011, background): “Though removal of diclofenac is usually observed within a range of 40%, its biodegradation is possible with a wide variety of removal efficiencies under some conditions (Zhang et al., 2008).”
Removal of diclofenac sodium from aqueous solution by Isabel grape bagasse (2012, background): “19) [37], the DCF removal efficiency was very close to values reported in the literature (21-40%) [6].”