The spike protein of SARS-CoV — a target for vaccine and therapeutic development

By L. Du, Yuxian He, Yusen Zhou, Shuwen Liu, B. Zheng, Shibo Jiang. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2009

1,597 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerging infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). The SARS-CoV spike (S) protein is composed of two subunits; the S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain that engages with the host cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and the S2 subunit mediates fusion between the viral and host cell membranes. The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity, during infection with SARS-CoV. In this Review, we highlight recent advances in the development of vaccines and therapeutics based on the S protein.

Subfields: Animal Science and Zoology, Infectious Diseases

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b63e25f6b97b19829473be21181718805f981cf

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Animal Science and Zoology

1. D. Veesler
2. A. Walls
3. M. A. Tortorici
4. J. Shang
5. Yushun Wan
6. Fang Li
7. F. Krammer
8. F. Amanat

In Infectious Diseases

1. D. Veesler
2. A. Walls
3. M. A. Tortorici
4. F. Krammer
5. J. Shang
6. Yushun Wan
7. Fang Li
8. Q. Geng

Citations in the corpus

• Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020, background): “Precise recognition mechanisms between the virus surface proteins and the host receptors are important for understanding of cross-species transmission and host tropism and for the establishment of animal models for vaccine development [65].”
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An overview of viral structure and host response (2020, neutral): “Another study shown that this strategy was effective to elicit protective immunity producing neutralizing antibodies in mice [46, 47] .”
• The Impact of Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Spike on Viral Infectivity and Antigenicity (2020, neutral): “As this protein is the major antigen inducing protective immune responses (Du et al., 2009; He et al., 2004; Li, 2016; Walls et al., 2020), all vaccines under development are directed against it.”
• Cryo-electron microscopy structure of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimer (2016, background): “2a-d): (1) a distal moiety constituted by the S1 subunits; (2) a central stem connecting to the viral membrane formed by the S2 subunits.”
• Structure of MERS-CoV spike receptor-binding domain complexed with human receptor DPP4 (2013, methodology): “The S glycoprotein consists of a globular S1 domain at the N-terminal region, followed by membrane-proximal S2 domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain [11] [12] [13] .”
• Establishment and validation of a pseudovirus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 (2020, background): “Consequently, the S protein was considered as the most attractive target for SARS-CoV vaccine and therapeutic development [8] [9] [10] [11] .”
• Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses (2020, methodology): “Different from SARS-CoV and MERSCoV, SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and is characterized by its rapid spread and virulent human-to-human transmission [4], resulting in 125 048 confirmed cases including 4613 deaths (CFR 3.7%), particularly in Wuhan, China and in at lea”
• A Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathogenesis (2020, neutral): “The S protein of CoVs constitutes the spike on the virion surface and plays a vital role in viral binding, fusion, and entry as well as the induction of neutralizing antibody and T cell responses (Du et al., 2009).”
• Coronavirus disease 2019: What we know? (2020, background): “There are evidence suggest that transmission mode is human to human.25,26 The major route of transmission of COVID‐19 is droplet and close contact.26 Whether infection can occur through the oral or conjunctival routes is unknown, but SARS‐CoV‐2 has been detected in tears,27 which is resemble to SARS”
• COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease (2020, background): “Effective vaccines are essential for interrupting the chain of transmission from animal reservoirs and infected humans to susceptible hosts and are often complementary to antiviral treatment in the control of epidemics caused by emerging viruses. Efforts have been made to develop S protein-based vac”