Genome Sequence, Comparative Analysis, and Population Genetics of the Domestic Horse

By Claire M. Wade, E. Giulotto, S. Sigurdsson, Monica Zoli, S. Gnerre, F. Imsland, T. Lear, D. Adelson, E. Bailey, R. Bellone and 48 more. Science, 2009

808 citations recorded by the source corpus.

A Horse Is a Horse, of Course The history of horse domestication is closely tied to the history of the human society. Wade et al. (p. 865) report on the sequencing and provide a single nucleotide polymorphism map of the horse (Equus caballus) genome. Horses are a member of the order perissodactyla (odd-toed animals with hooves). The analysis reveals an evolutionarily new centromere on equine chromosome 11 that displays properties of an immature but fully functioning centromere and is devoid of centromeric satellite sequence. The findings clarify the nature of genetic diversity within and across horse breeds and suggest that the horse was domesticated from a relatively large number of females, but few males. The horse genome reveals an evolutionary new centromere and conserved chromosomal sequences relative to other mammals. We report a high-quality draft sequence of the genome of the horse (Equus caballus). The genome is relatively repetitive but has little segmental duplication. Chromosomes appear to have undergone few historical rearrangements: 53% of equine chromosomes show conserved synteny to a single human chromosome. Equine chromosome 11 is shown to have an evolutionary new centromere devoid of centromeric satellite DNA, suggesting that centromeric function may arise before satellite repeat accumulation. Linkage disequilibrium, showing the influences of early domestication of large herds of female horses, is intermediate in length between dog and human, and there is long-range haplotype sharing among breeds.

Subfields: Genetics, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b516b1be7d138b05f5612f1d82d1cea3b47e43f

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Citations in the corpus

Development and Application of High-density SNP Arrays in Genomic Studies of Domestic Animals (2010, neutral): “…genome, HapMap studies can be helpful to characterize the complexity of a genome and disentangle the genetic bases of complex traits (International Chicken Polymorphism Map Consortium, 2004; Lindblad-Toh et al., 2005; The Bovine HapMap Consortium, 2009; Wade et al., 2009; Groenen et al., 2010a).”
The Ensembl gene annotation system (2016, background): “1 49 March 2008 (25) Atlantic cod Gadus morhua gadMor1 GCA_000231765.”
Building a livestock genetic and genomic information knowledgebase through integrative developments of Animal QTLdb and CorrDB (2018, background): “Whole-genome assemblies for cattle ((1,2), chicken (3), pig (4), sheep (5), horse (6), catfish (7), rainbow trout (8) and other agricultural species have become available within the last 15 years.”
The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude (2012, background): “…of elevated pairwise Ka / Ks values in the hypoxia response 25–27 and energy metabolism 28,29 categories, including in ‘regulation of blood vessel size’, ‘regulation of angiogenesis’, ‘heme binding’, ‘glycerolipid biosynthetic process’ and ‘electron carrier activity’ ( Supplementary Table 13 ).”
Comparative and demographic analysis of orangutan genomes (2011, neutral): “Our observations bore similarity to a recently described centromere repositioning event in the horse genome 11 ; however, this is to our knowledge the first observation of such a variant among primates, with the additional complexity of polymorphism in two closely related species.”