Trace formulas for nonequilibrium Casimir interactions, heat radiation, and heat transfer for arbitrary objects

By M. Kruger, G. Bimonte, Thorsten Emig, Mehran Kardar. 2012

151 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present a detailed derivation of heat radiation, heat transfer and (Casimir) interactions for N arbitrary objects in the framework of fluctuational electrodynamics in thermal non-equilibrium. The results can be expressed as basis-independent trace formulae in terms of the scattering operators of the individual objects. We prove that heat radiation of a single object is positive, and that heat transfer (for two arbitrary passive objects) is from the hotter to a colder body. The heat transferred is also symmetric, exactly reversed if the two temperatures are exchanged. Introducing partial wave-expansions, we transform the results for radiation, transfer and forces into traces of matrices that can be evaluated in any basis, analogous to the equilibrium Casimir force. The method is illustrated by (re)deriving the heat radiation of a plate, a sphere and a cylinder. We analyze the radiation of a sphere for different materials, emphasizing that a simplification often employed for metallic nano-spheres is typically invalid. We derive asymptotic formulae for heat transfer and non-equilibrium interactions for the cases of a sphere in front a plate and for two spheres, extending previous results. As an example, we show that a hot nano-sphere can levitate above a plate with the repulsive non-equilibrium force overcoming gravity -- an effect that is not due to radiation pressure.

Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9b24ecc2d91aa2e4758e47edc3cc7abdd1387ecd

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Citations in the corpus

Efficient Computation of Power, Force, and Torque in BEM Scattering Calculations (2013, background): “For an object O containing a volume distribution of electric current J in the presence of electromagnetic fields E,H, it is known [51] that the time-average i-directed force on O is given by Fi = 1 2ω Im ∫ O J ∗ · ∂iE dV , where ∂iE is the derivative of E in the ith cartesian direction.”
Near-Field Thermal Radiation: Recent Progress and Outlook (2015, methodology): “The radiative heat flux finally can be written in an elegant basis-independent trace formula involving only standard matrixes that could be obtained by using the boundary element method directly [110].”