The SUMO project: a SUrvey of Multiple pOpulations in globular clusters

By M. Monelli, A. Milone, P. Stetson, A. Marino, Santi Cassisi, A. Molina, Maurizio Salaris, A. Aparicio, Martin Asplund, F. Grundahl and 7 more. 2013

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We present a general overview and the first results of the SUMO project (a SUrvey of Multiple pOpulations in Globular Clusters). The objective of this surv ey is the study of multiple stellar populations in the largest sample of globular clusters homo geneously analysed to date. To this aim we obtained high signal-to-noise (S/N>50) photometry for main sequence stars with mass down to∼0.5Modot in a large sample of clusters using both archival and proprie tary U, B, V, and I data from ground-based telescopes. In this paper, we focus on the occurrence of multiple stellar populations in twenty three clusters. We have defined a new photometric index cU,B,I = (U− B)− (B− I), that turns out to be very effective for identifying multiple sequences along the red gia nt branch (RGB). We found that in the V-cU,B,I diagram all clusters presented in this paper show broadened or multimodal RGBs, with the presence of two or more components. We found a direct connection with the chemical properties of different sequences, that display different abundances of light elements (O, Na, C, N, and Al). The cU,B,I index is also a powerful tool to identify distinct sequences of stars along the horizontal branch and, for the first time in th e case of NGC 104 (47 Tuc), along the asymptotic giant branch. Our results demonstrate that i) the presence of more than two stellar populations is a common feature amongst globular clusters, as already highlighted in previous work; ii) multiple sequences with different chemical contents can be easily identified by using standard Johnson photometry obtained with ground-based facilities; iii) in the study of GC multiple stellar populations the cU,B,I index is alternative to spectroscopy, and has the advantage of larger statistics.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9a946371826559e7fca9fdd721082861f3a7f1b0

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