Noninvasive deep brain stimulation via temporally interfering electric fields
By N. Grossman, David C. Bono, N. Dedic, S. Kodandaramaiah, A. Rudenko, Ho‐Jun Suk, A. Cassarà, E. Neufeld, N. Kuster, Li-Huei Tsai and 2 more. Cell, 2017
869 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Summary We report a noninvasive strategy for electrically stimulating neurons at depth. By delivering to the brain multiple electric fields at frequencies too high to recruit neural firing, but which differ by a frequency within the dynamic range of neural firing, we can electrically stimulate neurons throughout a region where interference between the multiple fields results in a prominent electric field envelope modulated at the difference frequency. We validated this temporal interference (TI) concept via modeling and physics experiments, and verified that neurons in the living mouse brain could follow the electric field envelope. We demonstrate the utility of TI stimulation by stimulating neurons in the hippocampus of living mice without recruiting neurons of the overlying cortex. Finally, we show that by altering the currents delivered to a set of immobile electrodes, we can steerably evoke different motor patterns in living mice.
Subfields: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9a773651ef74599edd7d6fd2ebd837db95378440
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Citations in the corpus
- Progress in Neuroengineering for brain repair: New challenges and open issues (2018, background): “It must be mentioned that recently a DBS non invasive strategy for electrically stimulating neurons at depth was developed (Grossman et al., 2017) and, although human trials have not yet been conducted, this technique holds great promise for PD patients.”
- Temporal Interference Stimulation Enhances Neural Regeneration (2026, unknown): “…frequency waves ( F 1 and F 2 = F 1 + ∆ F ) were digitally summed in anti-phase using MATLAB before being delivered to the cells, as in Grossman et al. [ 46 ] (Equation 1 ): Here, f 1 = 1000 Hz (carrier frequency), and f 2 = f 1 + ∆ f , where ∆ f corresponds to one of the TI frequencies selected.”