Emerald Ash Borer: Invasion of the Urban Forest and the Threat to North America’s Ash Resource

By T. Poland, D. McCullough. Journal of Forests, 2006

869 citations recorded by the source corpus.

The emerald ash borer (EAB), a phloem-feeding beetle native to Asia, was discovered killing ash trees in southeastern Michigan and Windsor, Ontario, in 2002. Like several other invasive forest pests, the EAB likely was introduced and became established in a highly urbanized setting, facilitated by international trade and abundant hosts. Up to 15 million ash trees in urban and forested settings have been killed by the EAB. Quarantines in the United States and Canada restrict the movement of ash trees, logs, and firewood to prevent new introductions. Research studies are underway to assist managers leading eradication and containment efforts. Long-term efforts will be needed to protect ash in urban and forested settings across North America.

Subfields: Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Insect Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/99e6263954adf13fa47e611f3eec226e87a987ea

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Ecology

1. Andrew M. Liebhold
2. E. Brockerhoff
3. D. McCullough
4. D. Herms
5. R. Haack
6. R. Mercader
7. K. Gandhi
8. P. Tobin

In Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

1. Andrew M. Liebhold
2. E. Brockerhoff
3. D. McCullough
4. D. Herms
5. P. Tobin
6. R. Haack
7. K. Gandhi
8. B. Richardson

In Insect Science

1. Andrew M. Liebhold
2. E. Brockerhoff
3. D. McCullough
4. D. Herms
5. R. Mercader
6. R. Haack
7. K. Gandhi
8. P. Tobin

Citations in the corpus

• Biology and damage traits of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) in China (2007, background): “Emerald ash borer is regarded as one of the most important invasive pests in North America (Haack et al., 2002; Cappaert et al., 2005; Poland & McCullough, 2006; Mastro et al., 2007).”
• The influence of urban park characteristics on ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) communities (2008, neutral): “2004) and a greater proportion of exotic plant and animal species (Dreistadt et al. 1990; Poland and McCullough 2006) compared to non-urban forests.”
• Distribution, impact and rate of spread of emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in the Moscow region of Russia (2013, background): “The beetle has killed tens of millions of ash trees over the last 10 years and has raised concerns over the future of ash in North America (Poland and McCullough, 2006; EAB Information, 2013).”
• The impact of Sirex noctilio in Pinus resinosa and Pinus sylvestris stands in New York and Ontario (2010, background): “…is the case of emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) and redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff), which both demonstrate the extreme of invasive introductions and threaten to extirpate several tree species from North America (Poland and McCullough 2006; Mayfield 2007).”
• Impacts of exotic invertebrates on New Zealand's indigenous species and ecosystems (2010, background): “For example, in North America numerous exotic forest insects, including gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis) and several weevils damage indigenous plants and alter forest ecosystems (Liebhold et al. 1995; Pinski et al. 2005; Poland & McCullough 2006).”
• Urban trees: bridge-heads for forest pest invasions and sentinels for early detection (2017, neutral): “Consequently, urban trees can be vulnerable to accidentally introduced forest pests (Poland and McCullough 2006; Tubby and Webber 2010).”
• Flight Performance of Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) on a Flight Mill and in Free Flight (2010, background): “Evidence to date suggests that all North American ash species succumb to EAB within 1 to 3 years of establishment (Poland and McCullough 2006).”
• Differential response of male and female emerald ash borers (Col., Buprestidae) to (Z)‐3‐hexenol and manuka oil (2010, background): “By the time trees show signs of attack (adult exit holes, epicormic shoots, bark cracks or wood pecker feeding damage), allowing new infestations to be discovered, they are often more than 1 year old and at high levels (Poland and McCullough 2006).”
• Ecological effects of invasive alien insects (2008, background): “) (Poland and McCullough 2006).”
• Differential persistence of blue ash and white ash following emerald ash borer invasion (2012, background): “planipennis beetles, larger holes left by woodpeckers preying on late instar larvae, cracks in the outer bark above larval galleries, epicormic shoots on large branches or the trunk, and progressive canopy dieback (Cappaert et al. 2005; Poland and McCullough 2006; McCullough et al. 2009a).”
• Direct and indirect effects of alien insect herbivores on ecological processes and interactions in forests of eastern North America (2010, background): “…adelgid, and beech scale (Liebhold et al. 1995; Ellison et al. 2005; Lovett et al. 2006), and more recently emerald ash borer (Herms et al. 2004; Poland and McCullough 2006), which has caused nearly 100% mortality of ash near its point of introduction in southeastern Michigan (Gandhi et al.…”
• North American arthropods at risk due to widespread Fraxinus mortality caused by the Alien Emerald ash borer (2010, background): “This invasive insect aggressively colonizes and kills all major North American species of ash (Fraxinus spp.) that it has encountered (Cappaert et al. 2005; Poland and McCullough 2006).”
• Exotic bark- and wood-boring Coleoptera in the United States: recent establishments and interceptions (2006, background): “As of 2005, several isolated populations of Agrilus planipennis had been found in the states of Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, and Virginia (Liu et al. 2003; Poland and McCullough 2006).”