Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a cancer biomarker: consensus and recommendations.

By Anwar R. Padhani, Guoying Liu, Dow-Mu Koh, Thomas L. Chenevert, H. Thoeny, T. Takahara, A. Dzik-Jurasz, B. Ross, M. Van Cauteren, David J. Collins and 4 more. Neoplasia, 2009

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On May 3, 2008, a National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored open consensus conference was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, during the 2008 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Meeting. Approximately 100 experts and stakeholders summarized the current understanding of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and reached consensus on the use of DW-MRI as a cancer imaging biomarker. DW-MRI should be tested as an imaging biomarker in the context of well-defined clinical trials, by adding DW-MRI to existing NCI-sponsored trials, particularly those with tissue sampling or survival indicators. Where possible, DW-MRI measurements should be compared with histologic indices including cellularity and tissue response. There is a need for tissue equivalent diffusivity phantoms; meanwhile, simple fluid-filled phantoms should be used. Monoexponential assessments of apparent diffusion coefficient values should use two b values (>100 and between 500 and 1000 mm2/sec depending on the application). Free breathing with multiple acquisitions is superior to complex gating techniques. Baseline patient reproducibility studies should be part of study designs. Both region of interest and histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient measurements should be obtained. Standards for measurement, analysis, and display are needed. Annotated data from validation studies (along with outcome measures) should be made publicly available. Magnetic resonance imaging vendors should be engaged in this process. The NCI should establish a task force of experts (physicists, radiologists, and oncologists) to plan, organize technical aspects, and conduct pilot trials. The American College of Radiology Imaging Network infrastructure may be suitable for these purposes. There is an extraordinary opportunity for DW-MRI to evolve into a clinically valuable imaging tool, potentially important for drug development.

Subfields: Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging

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Citations in the corpus

Q-space trajectory imaging for multidimensional diffusion MRI of the human brain (2016, positive): “Many studies have also shown that MD is very sensitive to changes in cell density, useful for example in tumor diagnosis [69].”
QIN “Radiomics: The Process and the Challenges” (2012, background): “DWI has been proposed as a cancer imaging biomarker, and there are efforts to develop quality control protocols [18,19].”
Radiomics in Brain Tumor: Image Assessment, Quantitative Feature Descriptors and Machine-learning Approaches (2017, methodology): “18 Advanced MR imaging methods, including perfusion, proton density–weighted, fast spin-echo, and short tau inversion-recovery imaging, have also been applied to depict specific tissue contrast.”
Consensus recommendations for a standardized Brain Tumor Imaging Protocol in clinical trials. (2015, methodology): “In brain tumors, ADC has been shown to be a surrogate for cellularity in certain circumstances, with ADC inversely correlated with tumor cell density,(58) – 61 suggesting that DWI measures of ADC may be a useful biomarker for quantifying treatment response.(62) The recommended DWI protocol for routi”