Macrophage M1/M2 polarization.

By Chen Yunna, Mengru Hu, Wang Lei, Weidong Chen. European Journal of Pharmacology, 2020

2,126 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Macrophages can be affected by a variety of factors to change their phenotype and thus affect their function. Activated macrophages are usually divided into two categories, M1-like macrophages and M2-like macrophages. Both M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages are closely related to inflammatory responses, among which M1 macrophages are mainly involved in pro-inflammatory responses and M2 macrophages are mainly involved in anti-inflammatory responses. Improving the inflammatory environment by modulating the activation state of macrophages is an effective method for the treatment of diseases. In this review, we analyzed the mechanism of macrophage polarization from the tumor microenvironment, nanocarriers, nuclear receptor PPARγ, phagocytosis, NF-κB signaling pathways, and other pathways.

Subfields: Immunology, Molecular Biology, Psychiatry and Mental health

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9954062883087d779bd41bfe824368388b35d9d5

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Immunology

1. Yan Pang
2. Xianqun Fan
3. Xieyang Xu

In Molecular Biology

1. Yan Pang
2. Xianqun Fan
3. Xieyang Xu

Citations in the corpus

• Mitochondria in oxidative stress, inflammation and aging: from mechanisms to therapeutic advances (2025, positive): “192 M1 macrophages secrete pro-in fl ammatory factors (e.g., IL-6) which play the role of immune defense and promote in fl ammation, while M2 macrophages produce inhibitory factors like IL-10 to downregulate the immune response.”