Bt Cotton, Pesticides, Labour and Health

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Major heretofore intractable biotic constraints to African food security that may be amenable to novel biotechnological solutions (2004, background): “Bt cotton genetically engineered to be resistant to insect pests was more rapidly adopted by small farmers in South Africa than by large-scale farmers (Bennett et al., 2003).”
Impact of Bt cotton adoption on pesticide use by smallholders: A 2-year survey in Makhatini Flats (South Africa) (2006, result): “In our financial assessment, and contrary to some studies (Thirtle et al., 2003; Bennett et al., 2002), the Bt cotton license fee was an additional pest management cost.”
The Economics of Genetically Modified Crops (2009, background): “Bennett et al. (2003) made the same observation for Bt cotton in South Africa, and there is first evidence that similar effects can also be expected for other Bt crops in smallholder agriculture, such as Bt rice in China (Huang et al. 2005, 2008).”
Impact of Bt cotton on pesticide poisoning in smallholder agriculture: A panel data analysis (2011, unknown): “Bennett et al. (2003) used a similar approach in South Africa, where they also found fewer cases of pesticide poisoning among Bt cotton adopters.”