Electromagnetic Traps for Charged and Neutral Particles (Nobel Lecture)

By W. Paul. 1990

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A Closer Look at the Optimization Landscapes of Generative Adversarial Networks (2019, methodology): “This analogy has been used to explain Paul’s trap (Paul, 1990): a counter-intuitive way to trap ions using a dynamic electric ﬁeld.”
Quantum computing: A taxonomy, systematic review and future directions (2020, background): “ can emerge as integral to industrial quantum computers [4]. In addition, there are front-runners which can emerge as the building blocks of industrial quantum computers and are based on trapped ions [5], optical lattices [6], spin [7] and spatial based [8] quantum dots [245], quantum wells [9], qua”
Magnetic microtraps for ultracold atoms (2007, methodology): “It was first applied to neutrons Kugler et al., 1978; Paul, 1990 , but since 1985 also atoms have been routinely trapped in the magnetic field of normal Migdall et al., 1985 and superconducting electromagnets Hess et al., 1987; Hijmans et al., 1989 .”
Ion-trap measurements of electric-field noise near surfaces (2014, methodology): “A. Introduction to ion traps In most experiments used for the measurement of electric-field noise induced heating rates, individual atomic ions are confined using a so-called Paul trap (Paul et al., 1958; Paul, 1990).”
Models of Wave-function Collapse, Underlying Theories, and Experimental Tests (2012, background): “This especially means that for a given (high) mass the speed needs to be rather low: for m=106 amu requires around v=1 m/s. Trapping charged particles such as electrons or ions in Paul and Penning traps has a long and successful history (Paul, 1990).”