Understanding the role of energy consumption in human development through the use of saturation phenomena

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The energy requirements of a developed world (2016, background): “…1955; Mazur and Rosa, 1974; Olsen, 1992; Suárez, 1995; Rosa, 1997; Alam et al., 1998; Pasternak, 2000; WBGU, 2003; Smil, 2005; Dias et al., 2006; Martínez and Ebenhack, 2008; Steinberger and Roberts, 2010; , inigo.capellan@ehu.es no@ehu.es (G. Bueno), er Inc. on behalf of International Lambert…”
Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development (2011, background): “With rising levels of energy consumption, saturation of the positive relationship between energy use and HDI sets in (Martinez and Ebenhack, 2008), which means that a certain minimum amount of energy is required to guarantee an acceptable standard of living.”
Providing decent living with minimum energy: A global scenario (2020, background): “Previous estimates of the energy consumption necessary to achieve, for example, a high HDI are wide-ranging – a HDI above 0.8 appears to require 30 to 100 + GJ/cap/yr in primary energy terms (Martínez and Ebenhack, 2008; Steinberger and Roberts, 2010; Smil, 2005; Rao et al., 2019).”