The effect of testosterone replacement on endogenous inflammatory cytokines and lipid profiles in hypogonadal men.

By C. Malkin, P. Pugh, Richard D Jones, D. Kapoor, K. Channer, T. Jones. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2004

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Cachexia: pathophysiology and clinical relevance. (2006, background): “Testosterone also inhibits the macrophage release of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF- , IL-1 , and IL-6 (24, 25) and stimulates the production of IL-10, an antiinflammatory cytokine (26).”
Testosterone replacement therapy improves insulin resistance, glycaemic control, visceral adiposity and hypercholesterolaemia in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes. (2006, background): “Testosterone treatment has also been shown to reduce total cholesterol in hypogonadal men with coronary artery disease, even in patients already on statins ( 23 ).”
Interleukin-6 in aging and chronic disease: a magnificent pathway. (2006, background): “Surprisingly, two recent studies did not find any significant reduction in IL-6 serum levels after testosterone administration in older and postpubertal hypogonadal men (88,89).”
Sex-based differences in susceptibility to SARS-CoV infection (2017, background): “Although testosterone suppresses innate immune responses, hormones such as estrogens have disparate functions, with an immune-suppressive effect at high concentrations and immunostimulatory activity at low concentrations (23, 24, 33, 34).”