Black Holes, Galaxy Formation, and the MBH-σ Relation

By A. King. 2003

295 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Recent X-ray observations of intense high-speed outflows in quasars suggest that supercritical accretion on to the central black hole may have an important effect on a host galaxy. I revisit some ideas of Silk & Rees and assume that such flows occur in the final stages of building up the black hole mass. It is now possible to model explicitly the interaction between the outflow and the host galaxy. This is found to resemble a momentum-driven stellar wind bubble, implying a relation MBH = (fgκ/2πG2)σ4 ≃ 1.5 × 108σ M☉ between black hole mass and bulge velocity dispersion (fg = gas fraction of total matter density, κ = electron scattering opacity), without free parameters. This is remarkably close to the observed relation in both slope and normalization. This result suggests that the central black holes in galaxies gain most of their mass in phases of super-Eddington accretion, which are presumably obscured or at high redshift. Observed super-Eddington quasars are apparently late in growing their black hole masses.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Global and Planetary Change

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/97f2d71c86e1d77d8cabb19966fd3217b4ee281b

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Citations in the corpus

Supermassive black hole demography: the match between the local and accreted mass functions (2004, background): “…and one would be left with the problem of accounting for the correlations between MBH and the bulge mass or velocity dispersion which arise naturally as a consequence of feedback associated with radiative accretion (Silk & Rees 1998; Cavaliere, Lapi & Menci 2002; King 2003; Granato et al. 2004).”
Black Hole Outflows (2009, background): “This process ultimately limits the gas content of the galaxy bulge and hence establishes the black hole–bulge mass relation (King et al. 2000; King 2003).”
Extreme Gas Kinematics in the z = 2.2 Powerful Radio Galaxy MRC 1138–262: Evidence for Efficient Active Galactic Nucleus Feedback in the Early Universe? (2006, methodology): “However, e.g., King (2003) finds that this gas generally cannot drive large-scale outflows.”
A unified model for AGN feedback in cosmological simulations of structure formation (2007, background): “Theoretically it has been hypothesized (Silk & Rees, 1998; Fabian & Iwasawa, 1999; King, 2003) that quasars produce high velocity winds, which are expected to affect the properties of the host galaxy.”
Supermassive black holes and their feedback effects in the IllustrisTNG simulation (2017, background): “Yet it remains debated whether this is an indication for the feedback regulated nature of SMBH growth (King 2003), or just a manifestation of a common assembly history (Peng 2007; Hirschmann et al. 2010; Jahnke & Macciò 2011; Anglés-Alcázar et al. 2013).”
The evolution of massive black hole seeds (2007, background): “This correlation strongly suggests coeval growth of the black hole and the stellar component via likely regulation of the gas supply in galactic nuclei (Silk & Rees 1998; Kauffmann & Haehnelt 2000; King 2003; Thompson et al. 2005).”
Massive Black Hole Binary Evolution (2004, background): “Most of the gas left over from star formation might be blown out by the mechanical feedback associated with the radiative and mechanical output of the accreting massive black hole [200, 100, 156].”
Multidimensional modelling of X-ray spectra for AGN accretion disc outflows (2008, background): “It has already been shown that such flows might be able to account for observed correlations between properties of nuclear black holes and their host galaxies (see e.g. King 2003, 2005).”
Journey to the MBH-σ relation: the fate of low-mass black holes in the Universe (2009, background): “These correlations strongly suggest coeval growth of the MBH and the stellar component via likely regulation of the gas supply in galactic nuclei (Silk & Rees 1998; Kauffmann & Haehnelt 2000; Fabian 2001; King 2003; Thompson, Quataert & Murray 2005; Natarajan & Treister 2009).”
Cool outflows in galaxies and their implications (2020, background): “…or the surrounding starburst, have also been invoked to stop the growth of both the BH and spheroid component (Silk and Rees 1998; Fabian 1999; King 2003; Murray et al. 2005) and explain the tight BHspheroid mass relation (e.g., Magorrian et al. 1998; Gebhardt et al. 2000; Ferrarese and…”
The black hole mass–stellar velocity dispersion correlation: bulges versus pseudo-bulges (2008, background): “Email: jhu@mpa-garching.mpg.de theoretical models of formation and coevolution of the SMBHs and their host galaxies, many efforts have been made to explain the relation since its recognition (e.g. King 2003 and reference therein).”
Titans of the early Universe: The Prato statement on the origin of the first supermassive black holes (2018, background): “…interaction of massive outflows (during episodes of superEddington accretion) with the host galaxy, predict a size for the region of influence that for MBH < 105 M is substantially smaller than what can be resolved by current or near-future optical telescopes (e.g., Silk & Rees 1998; King 2003).”
Radiative feedback from quasars and the growth of massive black holes in stellar spheroids (2004, background): “…them Binney & Tabor 1995; CO97; Silk & Rees 1998; Fabian 1999; CO01; Burkert & Silk 2001; Ciotti & van Albada 2001; Granato et al. 2001; Cavaliere & Vittorini 2002; King 2003; Wyithe & Loeb 2003; Haiman et al. 2004; Granato et al. 2004; Murray et al. 2004; Springel, Di Matteo & Hernquist 2004).”
Doing Science with eLISA: Astrophysics and Cosmology in the Millihertz Regime (2012, background): “However, the origin of the M• −σ relation (Ciotti et al., 2010, King, 2003, Silk and Rees, 1998, Wyithe and Loeb, 2003), and its evolution at look-back times is still unclear (Peng, 2007, Robertson et al., 2006, Treu et al., 2007, Woo et al., 2008).”
The Intrinsic Fraction of Broad Absorption Line Quasars (2008, background): “…to understand galaxy “downsizing” and may also be responsible for regulating the growth of supermassive black holes, quenching star formation and setting up the MBH−σ and MBH−Mbulge relations (e.g. Silk & Rees 1998; King 2003; di Matteo, Springel & Hernquist 2005; Scannapieco, Silk & Bouwens 2005).”
Self-regulated growth of supermassive black holes by a dual jet-heating active galactic nucleus feedback mechanism: methods, tests and implications for cosmological simulations (2011, background): “This would be sufficient to unbind the gas in the galaxy and form powerful outflows (Silk & Rees 1998; King 2003; Wyithe & Loeb 2003).”