A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Formation of the Amino Acid Glycine (NH2CH2COOH) and Its Isomer (CH3NHCOOH) in Extraterrestrial Ices

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Water and astrobiology (2007, background): “Note that this sequence has also been observed in the formation of acetaldehyde and glycine together with its isomer (Holtom et al., 2005) in electron-irradiated interstellar analog ices.”
Erratum: Detection of amino acetonitrile in Sgr B2(N) (2008, methodology): “It is however important to note that the amino acids produced in the ice experiments mentioned above (except Holtom et al. 2005) are found experimentallyafter the hydrolysis of the ice residues.”
Mechanisms of Amino Acid Formation in Interstellar Ice Analogs (2007, background): “Laboratory ex periments have shown the synthesis of a variety of amino acids in interstellar ice analogs exposed to UV photolysis (Bernstein et al. 2002; Muñoz Caro et al. 2002) or to electrons mimicking cosmic rays (Holtom et al. 2005).”
A THREE-PHASE CHEMICAL MODEL OF HOT CORES: THE FORMATION OF GLYCINE (2013, background): “Experimental work by Holtom et al. (2005) involving the electron bombardment of CO2/NH2CH3 ices confirmed the viability of Woon’s mechanism.”