X-ray spectroscopy of galaxy clusters: studying astrophysical processes in the largest celestial laboratories

By H. Böhringer, N. Werner. 2009

165 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Galaxy clusters, the largest clearly defined objects in our Universe, are ideal laboratories to study in detail the cosmic evolution of the intergalactic intracluster medium (ICM) and the cluster galaxy population. For the ICM, which is heated to X-ray radiating temperatures, X-ray spectroscopy is the most important tool to obtain insight into the structure and astrophysics of galaxy clusters. The ICM is also the hottest plasma that can be well studied under thermal equilibrium conditions. In this review we recall the basic principles of the interpretation of X-ray spectra from a hot, tenuous plasma and we illustrate the wide range of scientific applications of X-ray spectroscopy. The determination of galaxy cluster masses, the most important prerequisite for using clusters in cosmological studies, rest crucially on a precise spectroscopic determination of the ICM temperature distribution. The study of the thermal structure of the ICM provides a very interesting fossil record of the energy release during galaxy formation and evolution, giving important constraints on galaxy formation models. The temperature and pressure distribution of the ICM gives us important insight into the process of galaxy cluster merging and the dissipation of the merger energy in form of turbulent motion. Cooling cores in the centers of about half of the cluster population are interesting laboratories to investigate the interplay between gas cooling, star- and black hole formation and energy feedback, which is diagnosed by means of X-ray spectroscopy. The element abundances deduced from X-ray spectra of the ICM provide a cosmic history record of the contribution of different supernovae to the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements and their spatial distribution partly reflects important transport processes in the ICM. Some discussion of plasma diagnostics for conditions out of thermal equilibrium and an outlook on the future prospects of X-ray spectroscopic cluster studies complete our review.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/968cda86acbf310ff2e892cdcd6ab14493a34583

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Citations in the corpus

Cosmological Parameters from Observations of Galaxy Clusters (2011, background): “For reviews of the principles underlying X-ray observations of clusters see, e.g., Sarazin (1988) and Böhringer & Werner (2010).”
DETECTION OF AN UNIDENTIFIED EMISSION LINE IN THE STACKED X-RAY SPECTRUM OF GALAXY CLUSTERS (2014, background): “Data from large effective area telescopes with spectroscopic capabilities, such as ASCA, Chandra, XMM-Newton and Suzaku, uncovered the presence of many elements in the ICM, including O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, Fe, and Ni (for a review see, e.g., Böhringer & Werner 2010).”
Mechanical AGN feedback: controlling the thermodynamical evolution of elliptical galaxies (2012, background): “Excellent reviews on this subject are provided by Peterson & Fabian (2006), McNamara & Nulsen (2007) and Böhringer & Werner (2010).”