Overlooking the obvious: a meta-analytic comparison of digit symbol coding tasks and other cognitive measures in schizophrenia.

By D. Dickinson, M. Ramsey, J. Gold. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2007

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Neurocognition in first-episode schizophrenia: a meta-analytic review. (2009, methodology): “Other meta-analyses have reported category or word fluency ESs of 1.12 to 1.41 across studies of individuals with schizophrenia (Bokat & Goldberg, 2003; Dickinson et al., 2007; Henry & Crawford, 2005; Heinrichs & Zakzanis, 1998).”
Schizophrenia, "just the facts" 4. Clinical features and conceptualization. (2009, neutral): “studies (Heinrichs and Zakzanis, 1998; Dickinson et al., 2007; Reichenberg and Harvey, 2007; Keshavan et al., 2008); (iii)”
The global cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: Consistent over decades and around the world (2013, background): “(1999) Dickinson et al. (2007) Current analysis”
Cognitive functioning in prodromal psychosis: a meta-analysis. (2012, result): “This result is not surprising as previous meta-analyses in schizophrenia indicated that across different measures of processing speed, the Digit Symbol Substitution Test coding yields the largest impairments.(71) Additional evidence shows the processing speed, as measured by the Digit Symbol Substit”
Administration and interpretation of the Trail Making Test (2006, background): “Processing speed, measured with a variety of different tests, has been shown to be markedly impaired in many major neuropsychiatric condition”