Oxidative stress: molecular perception and transduction of signals triggering antioxidant gene defenses.
By J. G. Scandalios. Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas, 2005
1,120 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Molecular oxygen (O2) is the premier biological electron acceptor that serves vital roles in fundamental cellular functions. However, with the beneficial properties of O2 comes the inadvertent formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2*-), hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical (OH*). If unabated, ROS pose a serious threat to or cause the death of aerobic cells. To minimize the damaging effects of ROS, aerobic organisms evolved non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defenses. The latter include catalases, peroxidases, superoxide dismutases, and glutathione S-transferases (GST). Cellular ROS-sensing mechanisms are not well understood, but a number of transcription factors that regulate the expression of antioxidant genes are well characterized in prokaryotes and in yeast. In higher eukaryotes, oxidative stress responses are more complex and modulated by several regulators. In mammalian systems, two classes of transcription factors, nuclear factor kB and activator protein-1, are involved in the oxidative stress response. Antioxidant-specific gene induction, involved in xenobiotic metabolism, is mediated by the "antioxidant responsive element" (ARE) commonly found in the promoter region of such genes. ARE is present in mammalian GST, metallothioneine-I and MnSod genes, but has not been found in plant Gst genes. However, ARE is present in the promoter region of the three maize catalase (Cat) genes. In plants, ROS have been implicated in the damaging effects of various environmental stress conditions. Many plant defense genes are activated in response to these conditions, including the three maize Cat and some of the superoxide dismutase (Sod) genes.
Subfields: Molecular Biology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/957ee26f98e302b075000063c05f63686a1730c6
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Citations in the corpus
- Signal transduction during cold, salt, and drought stresses in plants (2011, background): “It is suggested that abiotic stresses may be sensed through physical properties of membranes (lipid composition, fatty acid composition) [9, 10].”
- Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. (2010, background): “Although, atmospheric oxygen is relatively non-reactive, it can give rise to ROS which include O2 , H2O2, OH and (1)O2 [19] (Fig.”
- Plant responses to stresses: Role of ascorbate peroxidase in the antioxidant protection (2012, background): “The ROS detoxification systems include enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components (Scandalios, 2005).”
- Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Enzymes Involved in Plant Tolerance to Stress (2016, background): “ROS may affect many cellular functions, for example, they can damage nucleic acids (oxidation of deoxyribose, strand breaks, removal/deletion of nucleotides, modification of bases, and cross-linked protein-DNA), lipids (breaking of the chain and increasing the fluidity and permeability of the membra”
- Homeostasis and toxicology of essential metals (2012, background): “Last, but not least, it is worth noting that estuarine environments are characterized not only by intermediate salinities but also by often dramatic MARTIN GROSELL84 salinity fluctuations.”
- Overexpression of glutathione S-transferase gene increases salt tolerance of arabidopsis (2010, background): “Genomic DNA was isolated from three week old T3 transgenic lines and WT arabidopsis as described in [19] and was used as a template for PCR.”
- Drought Stress in Wheat during Flowering and Grain-filling Periods (2014, background): “…(POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR)—and non-enzymatic antioxidants—ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, reduced glutathione, β-carotene—accumulate in plants under drought stress to avoid oxidative damage (Scandalios, 2005; Farooq et al., 2009).”
- Antioxidative response of metal-accumulator and non-accumulator plants under cadmium stress (2008, background): “The excessive ROS reacts with lipids, pigments and proteins, resulting in membrane damage, inhibition of photosynthesis and enzyme inactivation (Scandalios 2005).”
- Redox homeostasis in plants under abiotic stress: role of electron carriers, energy metabolism mediators and proteinaceous thiols (2015, background): “O 2 gives rise to prolific reactive excited states, like reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their derivatives during normal metabolic activity as a consequence of various environmental perturbations (Scandalios, 2005).”