STAR: Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection for 360° Coverage by Intelligent Surfaces

By Yuanwei Liu, Xidong Mu, Jiaqi Xu, Robert Schober, Yang Hao, H. Vincent Poor, Lajos Hanzo. IEEE wireless communications, 2021

666 citations recorded by the source corpus.

A novel simultaneous transmitting and reflecting (STAR) system design relying on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) is conceived. First, an existing prototype is reviewed, and the potential benefits of STAR-RISs are discussed. Then the key differences between conventional reflecting-only RISs and STAR-RISs are identified from the perspectives of hardware design, physical principles, and communication system design. Furthermore, the basic signal model of STAR-RISs is introduced, and three practical protocols are proposed for their operation, namely energy splitting, mode switching, and time switching. Based on the proposed protocols, a range of promising application scenarios are put forward for integrating STAR-RISs into next-generation wireless networks. By considering the downlink of a typical RIS-aided multiple-input single-output system, numerical case studies are provided for revealing the superiority of STAR-RISs over other baselines when employing the proposed protocols. Finally, several open research problems are discussed.

Subfields: Aerospace Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/9571e660fa456f43c58057690a14db656681ba08

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Aerospace Engineering

1. Yuanwei Liu
2. Xidong Mu
3. Robert Schober
4. Naofal Al-Dhahir
5. Li Guo
6. Jiaru Lin
7. Zhiguo Ding
8. Ekram Hossain

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

1. Yuanwei Liu
2. Xidong Mu
3. Robert Schober
4. Naofal Al-Dhahir
5. Zhiguo Ding
6. Ekram Hossain
7. Li Guo
8. Jiaru Lin

Citations in the corpus

• Evolution of NOMA Toward Next Generation Multiple Access (NGMA) for 6G (2021, background): “Compared to reflecting-only RIS, the signal incident on STARRIS can be transmitted and reflected to both sides [110], [111].”
• Simultaneously Transmitting And Reflecting (STAR) RIS Aided Wireless Communications (2021, methodology): “To overcome this limitation, the novel concept of simultaneously transmitting and reflecting RISs (STAR-RISs) was proposed in [24, 25].”
• 5G-Advanced Toward 6G: Past, Present, and Future (2023, background): “The substrate of an STAR-RIS can be optically transparent such that it does not interfere aesthetically or physically with the surrounding environment or people’s line of sight.”